Temperature-controlling apparatus for internal-combustion engines



July 27,1926. 7 1,594,156

, 1.. F. EASTON TEMPERATURE CONTROLLING APPARATUS FOR INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINES I vorigina l Filed Jan. 9'; T922 2 Sheets-Sheet. 1

. V July 27, 1926.

1,594,156 L. F. EASTON TEMPERATURE CONTROLLING APPARATUS FOR INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINES Original Filed Jan. 9. 1922 2' Sheets-Sheet 2 J7 a;L5.

a ented July 27; 1926.

...I H1 TH; combustion englne, for example; such as tbs 15 co'oliri'g'liquid for' i hf'tor'.

(if Fig. (3;, anemic tferiial combiis ticiii -en fold (515x115 fluid,in' th 'ezaiim se fi'nani iol =01- Over the va cuuip in themaliif-oidifrqni about.

thiiif shown, by a weight 21 on an arm 22 extending Fig. 3.

The actuating device for the shutter mechanism is exemplified byexpansible bellows 23 which extend from a wall 24 which is adjustablysupported by rods 25 on the vertical wall 26 of a bracket 27 secured tothe upper raoiator tank R at the rear side thereof. The movable wall 28of the bellows is connected by rods 29 with a yoke 30, the rodsextending through guideways 31 in the wall 26.

Yoke is connected by a rod 32 with the outer arm of a bell-crank lever33 which is pivoted, at 34, on the frame 14, the other arm of the leverbeing pivoted to the upper end of the shutter actuating bar 20. When thepressure in the bellows 23 is normal, that is, at atmospheric pressure,the force of the weight 21, which closes the shutter, will also, throughthe medium of the bell-crank lever 33 and the-rod 32, pull the bellowsopen to expanded position. When the pre sure within the bellows is nowreduced, it will contract and exert pull on the rod 32 and rotation ofthe bell-crank lever 33, to force the bar 20 downwardly to open theshutters.

The suction or vacuum effect within the bellows is obtained by means ofan aspirator A. This device comprises a fitting with a horizontal member35 and a vertical memher 36. Through member 35 extends the flared bore3'? with which communicates the bore 38 in member 36. Member 35 has thethreaded necks 39 and 39 for receiving the coupling nuts 40 and 41respectively, while member 36 has the reduced threaded neck 42 forreceiving the coupling nut 43. One end of member 35 is connected withthe intake manifold 10 of the engine by a pipe 44 which leads from saidmanifold and is coupled to the aspirator by nut 41. Pipe 45 is coupledtothe lower end of member 36 of the aspirator bv nut 43 so that the duct38 of the aspirator will be in constant communication with the bellowsIntel-posed in the pipe 45 is a fitting 46 1) which is connected by thepipe 47 with the fitting 48 which extends into the chamber 49 formed inthe, housing 50 which contains a suitable thermostat 51. Housing 50 isprovided with suitable openings (not shown) so that chamber 49 will beopened to atmosphere. This thermostat may be of the ordinaryconstruction comprising the bars 52 and 53 of different co-elficients ofexpansion, and secured together throughout their lengths and anchored attheir lower ends to the frame valve seat.

50 by the block 54. Fitting 48 has a duct 55 which terminates at avalve-seat 56, with which the plate 57 on the thermostat is adapted toco-operate to either open or close said duct. A set screw 54 is providedfor adjusting the plate 57 with reference to the The housing 50 isapplied to receive the heat of the cooling water in the radiator. Asshown, it is secured against the inner side of the upper tank B, so thatthe chamber 49 will always be of substantially the same temperature asthe cooling water. The thermostat could, of course, be

applied against the engine frame, but as the water passing through theradiator is usually of the same temperature as theengine, this tank Raffords a convenient place for supporting the thermostat.

As already explained, one end of the body of the aspirator is connectedwith the intake manifold. The other end of the body may be connectedwith atmosphere or with the exhaust manifold. As shown on Figs. 1 and 2,a pipe 58 is coupled to the aspirator by means of coupling 40. This pipeconnects with a valve 59 which is connected by pipe 60 with the exhaustmanifold 11. The plug 61 of valve 59 has a passageway 62 which, in oneposition, will connect the aspirator with the pipe 60 and the exhaustmanifold, and which, in another position will disconnect the exhaustpipe and connect the aspirator with the passageway 62 connected with theatmosphere. When the valve plug is turned to an intermediate position,both the atmosphere and the exhaust pipe will be disconnected from theaspirator.

In operation, when the engine is at rest and is cold, the thermostat isswung away from the valve-seat 56 to expose the duct 55 to atmosphereand thus destroy any vacuum effect in the pipe 45 connected with thebellows. The bellows is then expanded, as shown in Fig. 4, and theweight 21 holds the shutters closed. WVhen the engine is started. thevacuum effect in the intake manifold will be communicated to theaspirator A, but the pipe 45 is then vented to atmosphere at the fitting48, so the shutters will remain closed until the termperature' of thewater rises sufiiciently to cause the thermostat element to engage thevalve seat 56 and close the air vent. If the valve 59 is set to connectthe aspirator with atmosphere, then the suction in the intake manifoldcauses air to flow at great velocity through the tapered duct 37 pastthe end of the duct 38, which is connected with the pipe 45, and suctioneffect will be caused in the bellows and the latter will contract toexert pull on the rod 32 and swing of the bell-crank lever 33 to pushdown the bar 20 and to open the shutters. When the shutters are opened,the air circulates through the radiator grill and cools the water and,as soonas the tem thenvent passageway tolatmosphere, all'suc v 10 vimpossible to kee'p the-shuttersopen. By inv terposing the aspirator,the decrease in vacu- Y the" air flowing through the duct 37'. The 20mininium, the aspirator will produce fron i 'perature dropssulficiently; "the thermostat Will reopen the vent and destroy thesuction in the bellows and the wei'ght 21 will then restore theshutterstoclosed position. F It is very important that the ventpassageway through fitting. 48 be less restricted to" atu mosphere flowthan theborel38 of the aspirator, so'that :when the thermostat openstion effect in the bellows is destroyed.

*As the carburetor throttle valve is opened more and more and the poweroftheengine incr'easesgthe vacuum in" the intake manifold decreases, andif the inanifold were connected directly with the. bellowsl it might beum is compensated for the by. the velocity of suction pullon the.belloWs, instead being decreased, 1s therefore: considerably 'increasedias the power ofthef engineii'icreases 1 and the shutters. are:held open with considerable power: In practice;itfihas been found thatthe respirator williprod fu'ce at least thirty per cent morevacuumeflectifr the actuator,. whenthe vacuum force in the intake manifold isat ainaximum,"a'1rd' when the vacuum force within the? manifold is'atathree hundred per" cent to? four hundred per cent greater vacuum effectinfi'said device thanwould be the case if'the mflanifold'fiveredirectlyv connected with 'the'nrotor. ns-1 ingthe aspirator, acomparatively s 'nalli'ajctuating motor will ,suliice rtoa positivelyand powerfully control the shutters. l'I-he-l'everage of the Weightaction-on"tl1e shutters' decreasesas the shutters areiopened, so thatless power isrequired to 'hold the shutters in 'open position than to"start thenT'fi'oni closed position'toward, open positi'on.

By connecting-the asp iratonwith the exl'iaustgmanifoldp instead of toatmosphere.-

vvT which may be done by setting fvalveplug"6l to establishcommunicationbetwen the a's pirat-or and said manifoldflhe exhaust pressure added to the suction pull of theintake manifold will increasethe-vacuumbfi'ectyat the shutter actuating device." The exhaust gasesblowing into the intake manifold'will also assist in vaporizing thefuel; and this is of particular advantage when stantinga cold engine, asthe heated explosive mixture willcause the engine to 'start more rapidlythan if acold mixture'were delivered.

When the valve 61 is turned to "an intermediate position, both theexhaust and atmosphere will be disconnected: from the; piratorfand thevacuum efiect'of the intake manifold will be communicated directlyfltolthe bellows or othervacuum-controlledmo tor. Under some'icondition's,lit maybe desirable to-use this arrangement.

The invention exemplifies a 7 controlling s'y'stemithat is aiilapted tobe operated in con necti-on'with internal'oombusti'on engines and inwhich thefactuator isoperated'by vacu um"effectproduced-byanasp1rat1on.*Whne 1 spirit and scope of the invention I Having thus describedtheiin'v-ention';what

I claim as newand desiie tof'secureby Let" #5 ters Patent, 'isz v 1. Thecombinatlon with-fan internal conidevi-ce"comprisingaj v nuidj from thedevice by bustion"engine r o-f a con'trolling device operetcon'nected toexhaust at1'on.-

vice comprising a a et donnected'to exhaust fluid'from thedevicebyaspiifation, and 'acon nection for operating the-jet by suctionproduced'by theengine.

bustioni engine, or; a co-ntl ollingideviceg an actuator for saiddevice" operable?:byffluid;

a jet' connected? to "exhaust fluid "from the actuator by aspiration;and" a connection; for

operating the j et 1by"s'ucti'on producedin the engine.

- 4. The combination with an internal combustion eng1ne;.Ofia'f'flflMl-bpfable controlrunning o'f 'the n1-'gine;for operatingsaid device comprising a device to exhaustt fiui I therefrombyaspiration and connected to 'tl e'en'gine. Thecombii ltion with an interbastion engine, of a controlling device, Ia;

The combination with 'an internal cons etf'conn'ected to said bustio nengine, of a: controlling device'open l able by 'fiuid; and"ineans roroperating said means for operating said actuatorcomprising n'al' cumfluid-operable actuator for said *device', and

means eii e ctive during the running of the engine for operating saidactuator comprising a jet connectedtofexhaust'fluid from thenct'uator byaspiration and connected to-"be o aerated b suction roducedwb the en''i'ne.

T6, The combination"withanfinteriial coinbustion enginefand acooling'systemfor said engine, of meansfor controlling thecoolingsystem, and means efi'ective during'the'ruin hing of the engine for"operating said 'con-' 'trollingme'ans c'oniprisingan aspirator con;ifnected'to SitlClCOIltlOlllDQ me. p 7

ed Wltl'l' aqet for exhausting fluid-therefrom and pro id-' byaspiration;

i'pThe combination with an internal Tcoinbust-ion engineanda coolingsystemtlierefon: of controlling *ine'ansn to!" said Y system'coinprising" a "thermostat, pressure "controlled means efi'ectiveduring' the running of :th'ei engine and controlled by said thermostat,and an aspirator connected to the engine and to said pressure controlledmeans provided with a jet for exhausting fluid by aspiration.

8. The combination with an internal cornbustion engine and a watercooling system therefor including a radiator, of means for controllingthe flow of air through said diator, pressure-controlled means foractuating said air fiow controlling means, an aspirator connected withsaid actuating means and provided with a jet for irha stinn fluid byaspiration, and means effective during running of said engine for o'*rating v aspirator to change the pressure conditic at said actuatingmeans to cause actuation of said air fiow controlling means.

9Q The combination with an internal com bustion' engine and a watercooling system therefor including a radiator, of means for controllingthe'flow of air through said radiator, pressure controlled means foractuaating said air flow controlling mechanism, an aspirator connectedwith said actuating means and provided with a jet for exhausting fluidby aspiration, means effective during operation of the engine foroperating said aspirator, and means controlled by the temperature of thecooling system for controllingthe effect of said aspirator on saidactuating means.

10. lhe combination with an internal combustion engine and a Watercooling system therefor including a radiator, of means for controllingthe flow of air through said radiator, an aspirator having a jet forexhausting fluid by aspiration, means controlled during the running ofthe engine for creating a suction producing stream through said jet, apressure controlled actuating device for said air-controlling mechanismconnected with said aspirator to be subjected to the suction effectcreated thereby, the operation of said device by said suction effectcausing said air flow controlling means to permit flow of air throughthe radiator, and

means controlled by the temperature of the cooling system fordetermining the application of the aspirator suction at on saicactuating device. 7

11. The combination with an internal combustion engine and awatercooling system therefor including a radiator, of means forcontrollingthe iiOW of air through said radiator, an actuating devicefor said air flow controlling mechanism responsive to suction, anaspirator having a jet for exhausting fluid by aspiration, meanscontrolled during running of the engine for creating a suction producingstream through said jet, said actuating device beingconnected with saidaspirator to be subjected to the suction effect created thereby, andthermostat means subjected to the temperature of the cooling system forcontrolling the effectiveness of the aspirator suction on said actuatingdevice.

12. The combination with an internal combustion engine and a watercooling sys tem therefor including a radiator, of mech anism forcontrolling the flow of air through said radiator,'means tending to holdsaid mechanism closed, an actuator for said mechanism responsive tosuction to open said mechanism, an aspirator having a jet for exhaustingfluid by aspiration, means con-- trolled during running of the enginefor creating a suction producing stream through .id jet, said actuatorbeing connected with said aspirator and the suction created thereby, andmeans automatically controlled by the temperature of the cooling systemfor determining the effectiveness of the aspirator suction at saidactuator.

13. The combination witi an internal combustion engine and a watercooling system therefor includinga radiator, of mechanism forcontrolling the. flow of air through said radiator, said mechanism beingclosed when the temperature of the cooling system is below a certainpoint, an actuator connected with'said mechanism and responsive tosuction to open said mechanism for the flow of air through the diator,an aspirator having a jet for c1:- hausting fluid by aspiration, meanscontrolled during running of the engine for creating a suction producingstream through said jet, a suction line connected between said aspiratorand said actuator, an atmosphere vent for said suction line, andthermostat means subjected to the temperature of said cooling system,said thermostat device being associated with said'vent to open said ventwhen the temperature is below a certain point to thereby preventoperation of said actuator and to close said vent when the ten'iperaturereaches a certain point to thereby permit said actuator to respond tosuction to open said air flow controlling mechanism.

14 The combination with an internal combustion engine and a watercooling sys tem therefor including a radiator, of mechanism forcontrolling the flow of air through said radiator, anactuator connectedwith said mechanism and operative by suction to open said mechanism, anaspirator connected with said actuator and having a jet for exhaustingfluid by aspiration, and a connection beween said aspirator and theengine intake manifold for causing suction producing flow through saidjet when the engine is running.

15. The combination with an internal combustion engine and a watercooling system therefor including aradiator, of mechanism forcontrolling the flow of air through said radiator, an actuator connectedwith said mechanism and operative by suction reaches a certain point.

to i open said mechanism, 'an aspirator con engine is running, andthermostat mechanism for preventing operation of said actuato'r' 'untilthe temperature of the engine.

16. The combination'with an internal combustlon engine and 'a watercoolingsystem therefor including a"radiator, mechanism for Controllingthe flow of'air through said radiator, means tending to close saidmechanism, an actuator connected with and responsive to suction toopenfs aid mechanism an aspirator and having a jet for exhaustin fluidby aspiration, a connection between said aspirator and the intakemanifold of said engine for causin a suction producing stream throughsaic jet, a suction line be-f tween said aspiratorand sa1d actuator hav-Ming an atmosphere vent, and a thermostat for controlling said vent inaccordance With the temperature of said engine.

v nism for controlling the flow of air through 17. The; combination withan internal combust on engine'and a water cooling systern thereforincluding a radiator, mechanism for controlling the flow of air throughsaid radiator, means tending to closefsaid mechanism, an actuatorconnected with and responsive to suction to open said mecha nism, anaspirator having a jet for exhausting fluid by aspiration connected withthe intake manifold of the engine whereby a suction creating stream iscaused therethrough when 'the, engine is running, said 1 actuator beingconnected with sald aspirator to be subjected to the produced suctioneffect, and means for connecting/the exhaust manifold of said enginewith said aspirator' whereby-Warm gas will be drawn into the manifold tofacilitate starting of the engine.

18. The combination with anfinternala combustion engine and av watercooling sys-- tem therefor including a radiator, of mechasaid radiator,an actuator for said'mecha. msm responsive to suction, an aspirator,

means connectingf said aspirator with the engine intake manifoldwhereby} a suction producing stream will be caused through the aspiratorwhen the engine is running, said actuator being connected with the'aspirator to be subjected to the created suction effect,

and means forconnecting the intake end-of.

said aspiratorfeither with atmosphere or with the exhaust manifold ofthe engine.

19. The combination withaninternal'comp I combustion engine and acooling system therefor including a radiatonof mechanism bustion engineand a water-cooling system nism, an actuator connected withjand re-,-

said controlling means! 20. The combination with an, internal combustionengme, of a fluid operable con trollingdevice, and means connected .tothe v suction produced lnthe engine for ncreas- I I lng'the suction, andconnected to operate said device.

21. The combination I with an internal combustion engine and a coolingsystem thereof, offiuid operable -means for controlling the cooling"capacity of the system,

and ,means connected to the suction produced in "the engine cylinder forincreasing thesuct on, and connected to operate said device.

v 22. The combination -Withan "internal combustion engine, and, acooling system 1 therefor, including a radiator, of means for]controlling the cooling capacity of the radi- 7 ator, and anaspiratorjet" connected to the suction-produced in the engine cylinder forincreasing he "suction, connected: to operate 231The combination] withan internal 'coinbustionaengine, of a fluid operable con;

trollingdevice, thermostatic means for-rem dering the device operable byfluid, a jet connected to the suction'produced in'the engine cylinderfor increasing the suctiomand a-coiinection between the jeta-ndsaid'device through which the inc-reasedlsuction will applied to operatesaid device,

24. The combination of an internal com-' bustion engine andacoolinglsystem therefor,- mean's for controlling thecooling capacity ofjthe system, and means responsive to suction produced. in the enginecylinders for actuating the controllin'g means comprisingan elementtherein-adapted to: increase the power of the vactuating"means above thepower ofthe suction produced in the cylinders themselves.

2 5."The combination vWith an internal 7 combustion engine, of acontrolling device; I {operable bythe suction of the engine, andag.connection between the engine and theYcon-" trolling device foroperating the same by.

suctio'n comprising an element therein for increasing the eifectivepower'of the suction ,upon the controlling mechanism above the powers ofthe] suction in the engine. itself.

26. The combination with an internal trolling means, a device forproducing sue-f tion, a connection between the actuator and said device,and means for operating the suction producing means.

27. The combination With an internal combustion engine of a, controllingdevice operable by the suction of the engine, and a connection betweenthe engine and the controlling device for operating the controllingdevice by suction comprising an element therein operable by the suctionof the engine 10 whereby the suction in the connection beyond theelement is greater than the suction in the engine.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 20th day ofOctober A. 1)., 15 1921.

LUCIAN F. EASTON.

